據英國《衛報》報道,全球越來越多的人正在承受自身免疫性疾病帶來的痛苦。目前,全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增長3%至9%。科學家認為,快餐飲食等外在因素是導緻病患增加的重要原因。有證據表明快餐飲食會影響人體内的微生物群,從而引發自身免疫性疾病。
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倫敦弗蘭西斯克裡克研究所的兩位世界專家詹姆斯·李(James Lee)和卡羅拉· 維努埃薩( )已經成立獨立研究小組,研究導緻自身免疫性疾病的确切原因。
“ of cases began to about 40 years ago in the west,” Lee told the . “, we are now some in that never had such .
詹姆斯·李告訴《觀察家報》:“大約40年前,西方的自身免疫病例開始增加。然而,我們現在看到一些以前從未出現此類病患的國家出現了這種疾病。”
For , the in bowel cases has been in the East and east Asia. that they had seen the .”
“例如,近段時間中東和東亞地區的炎性腸病病例增加最多。此前,這些地區幾乎沒有出現過這種疾病。”
range from type 1 to , bowel and .In each case, the gets its wires and turns on of .
自身免疫性疾病包括1型糖尿病、類風濕性關節炎、炎性腸病和多發性硬化症。上述每種疾病都會使免疫系統出現錯亂,攻擊自身健康組織而非病原體。
In the UK alone, at least 4 have such , with some more than one. , it is now that cases of are by 3% and 9% a year.Most play a key role in this rise.
僅在英國,就有至少400萬人患上這類疾病飲食網,有些人出現不止一種病症。據估計,目前全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增長為3%至9%。大多數科學家認為環境因素在其中發揮重要影響。
“Human hasn’t over the past few ,” said Lee, who was based at . “So must be in the world in a way that is our to .”
此前在劍橋大學工作的李稱:“人類基因在過去幾十年裡沒有改變飲食網,因此,一定是外界發生了某種變化,使我們更容易患上自身免疫性疾病。”
This idea was by , who was based at the . She to in diet that were as more and more -style diets and more fast food.
這一想法得到了維努埃薩的支持。曾在澳大利亞國立大學工作的她指出,随着越來越多的國家接受西式飲食,人們購買更多的快餐,飲食正在發生變化。
“Fast-food diets lack , such as fibre, and this a ’s – the of micro- that we have in our gut and which play a key role in ,” said.
維努埃薩說:“快餐飲食缺乏某些重要營養成分,如膳食纖維,有證據表明這種飲食改變會影響人體内的微生物群(腸道微生物群),它們對調節身體各方面功能起着關鍵作用。”
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“These in our are then , of which more than 100 types have now been .”
“微生物群的這些變化便會引發自身免疫性疾病,目前已經發現了100多種該類型疾病。”
Both that were in such , that also as well as lupus, which and and can cause to , the heart.
兩位科學家都強調,患自身免疫性疾病與個體的易感性有關,如乳糜瀉和紅斑狼瘡等自身免疫疾病。紅斑狼瘡可引發炎症和腫脹,并可導緻心髒等各種器官受損。
“If you don’t have a , you won’t get an , no how many Big Macs you eat,” said . “There is not a lot we can do to halt the of fast-food . So , we are to the that and make some but not. We want to the issue at that level.”
維努埃薩說:“如果你沒有某種遺傳易感性,那麼無論吃多少巨無霸,都不一定會患上自身免疫性疾病。我們無法阻止快餐連鎖店在全球擴張。因此,我們正試圖了解導緻自身免疫疾病的基本遺傳機制,為什麼有人易感有人不易感。我們希望在遺傳機制上攻克這類疾病。”
This task is to the of that now allow to tiny DNA among large of . In this way, it is to among those from an .
由于技術的發展,這一目标成為可能。現在,科學家們可以精确定位大量個體之間微小的DNA差異。這樣,就有可能在患有自身免疫性疾病的人群中識别出共同的基因模式。
“Until very , we just didn’t have the tools to do that, but now we have this power to DNA on a large scale and that has ,” said Lee. “When I doing , we knew about half a dozen DNA that were in bowel . Now we know of more than 250.”
李稱:“之前我們沒有辦法做到,但現在我們已經有能力來進行大規模DNA測序,這改變了一切。當我開始做研究時,我們發現了約六種DNA變異與引發炎性腸病有關。現在我們發現了250種以上有關的DNA變異。”
Lee also that cases of the world meant new and drugs were now more than ever . “At , there are no cures for , which in young – while they are to their , get their first job and have ,” he said.
李還強調,全球自身免疫性疾病病例的激增意味着現在比以往任何時候都迫切需要新的治療方法和藥物。他說:“目前,在年輕人努力完成學業、找到第一份工作和組建家庭的同時,自身免疫性疾病通常會在他們身上發生,但目前尚無治療方法。”
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