此篇文章内容旨在展示我的前中後結構學習體系的應用,同時也可以檢測到諸位目前的英語水平或是對英語行文規律是否有明确認知。可能下面的具體分析,剛開始會讓你有點理解困難。沒關系,畢竟剛開始接觸。隻要持續閱讀我頭條号中的所發文章和其他内容,就會逐漸明白這一體系框架和學習方法。該體系不管在宏觀還是在微觀層面,都給予的是漁。若能給你帶來明目開竅之效,我也倍感榮幸。頭腦風暴開始了!
一.長難句舉例
先給大家兩分鐘時間,分析下面這個句子的語法結構。
In 2008, Wang didn't get to enjoy the easy life of a civil servant for long before her superior, finding out that she had graduated from the Department of Journalism at National University and had worked in the print media, asked her to also take on the task of editing this journal, making her, in a manner of speaking, half a staffer.
我的分析步驟演示:
兩個角度:外在和内在
1.外在形式(語法兩個層面,不斷循環)
句子層面(——表示插入語)的循環:
(前)狀, —— , 主, ——,謂(系), ——, 賓(表), ——, (後)狀.
短語層面的循環:
(前修飾部分) + 中心詞部分 + (後修飾部分)
例子詳解:
第一步:全句切分
In 2008,前狀語(上文銜接)
Wang 主語
didn't get 謂語
to enjoy the easy life of a civil servant for long 賓語
before her superior, finding out that she had graduated from the Department of Journalism at National University and had worked in the print media, asked her to also take on the task of editing this journal, making her, in a manner of speaking, half a staffer.後狀
第二步:各部分繼續切分
1.前狀語:
In 2008
介詞 賓語
2.主語:
Wang
3.謂語:
didn't get
4.賓語:
① to enjoy the easy life of a civil servant for long
動詞不定式 賓語 狀語
② 賓語
the easy life of a civil servant
前① 前② 中心詞 後修飾部分
③ 後修飾部分
of a civil servant
介詞 賓語
④ 賓語
a civil servant
前① 前② 中心詞
⑤ 狀語
for long
介詞 賓語
5.後狀部分 —— 句子層面
① before 銜接
② 主語
her superior
前① 中心詞
③ finding out that she had graduated from the Department of Journalism at National University and had worked in the print media , 插入語
A. finding out 動詞
B. that 銜接
C. she had graduated from the Department of Journalism at National University and had worked in the print media (句子層面)
a. she 主語
b.并列部分①
(a)had graduated from 謂語①
(b) 賓語
the Department of Journalism at National University
前① 中心詞 後修飾部分① 後修飾部分②
(a1)後修飾部分①
of Journalism
介詞 賓語
(b1)後修飾部分②
at National University
介詞 賓語(前② + 中心詞)
c. 并列部分②
a1. and 銜接
b1. had worked 動詞
c1. in the print media 狀語
介詞 賓語
c2. 賓語
the print media
前① 前② 中心詞
④ asked 謂語
⑤ 賓語部分
her to also take on the task of editing this journal
賓語 補語
A.補語
to also take on the task of editing this journal
動詞不定式 賓語
B. 賓語
the task of editing this journal
前① 中心詞 後修飾部分
C. of editing this journal
介詞 賓語
D. 賓語
editing this journal (動名詞)
動詞 賓語
⑥ 狀語
making her, in a manner of speaking, half a staffer (現在分詞)
動詞 賓語 插入語 補語
譯文:
另外,輕松的公家飯沒吃多久,領導因為她是國大新聞系出身,又有在報社、雜志社工作的經曆,就請她兼編這份刊物,算是兼職人員。
2.内在安排(信息邏輯)
In 2008 |
時間 |
Wang |
人物① |
didn't … enjoy … |
人物①動作 |
before |
時間順序先後 |
her superior |
人物② |
finding(she…graduated…worked) |
人物②動作① |
asked |
人物②動作② |
making |
人物②動作③ |
half a staffer |
尾重 |
二. 段落舉例:
給大家3分鐘時間閱讀下文:
A typical lion tamer (馴獸師) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子)and a chair .The whip get all of the attention , but it’s mostly for show .In reality , it’s the chair that does the important work .When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .When faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
分析如下:
A typical lion tamer (馴獸師) in people’s mind is an entertainer
熟悉話題開篇
holding a whip (鞭子) and a chair .
新信息點① 新信息點②
The whip get all of the attention , but it’s mostly for show .
呼應新信息點① 展開
In reality , it’s the chair that does the important work .
銜接 呼應新信息點② 展開
When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face ,
呼應上句
the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .
展開 新信息細節
With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .
呼應上句後半句, 新信息細節(外在先短後長,内在先總後細)
When faced with so many options ,
呼應上句後半句,
the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
新信息細節(外在先短後長,内在先總後細)
(多麼漂亮的信息安排)
lion tamer |
whip / chair |
whip |
show |
chair |
important |
chair/lion |
legs |
lion |
confused |
lion |
instead of attacking |
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