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英語裡逗号的用法,這裡最全,趕緊收了吧!

說到标點符号的用法,估計很多人當年或者正在學習英語時,都會很有感觸,而且大多人的感觸基本是:

1、老師基本沒有系統教過,所以就是想着怎麼用就怎麼用了;

2、想學習标點符号的用法,但一直找不到适合的學習材料。

如果是這樣,那就請大家跟着我一起來重新學習标點符号的用法吧。

英語中的标點符号很多,用法也繁簡不一,今天就先從用法最為繁雜的逗号學起吧。

說起逗号的用法,其功能之強大,小編我是深有體會的,因為當年我的碩士畢業論文就是有關英漢語逗号的比較研究的,有興趣的朋友可以到中國知網上查閱一下:http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10269-2004087335.htm。

記得當年答辯的時候,前後不到15分鐘,考官們就讓我出來了;一開始還擔心得要死,以為要被“槍斃”了,後來我的導師告訴我,因為我的主題考官們都沒怎麼做過研究,問不出什麼問題,所以就象征性地問了幾個數據問題,就直接讓我過了,哈哈!

好了,言歸正傳!接下來我就跟大家分享一下英語裡逗号的基本用法。我們先來看看《新概念英語》第一冊第137課的課文:

不知大家有沒有注意到,課文中所有if條件句開頭的句子中,if條件句都沒有用逗号隔開。這在英語裡實際上是一種錯誤,是有關逗号的用法錯誤。此外,課文中的最後一句話中的It's a pleasant dream後面也應該用逗号。

為什麼?

請從下面的逗号用法規則中查找答案:

(一)單詞和短語間

1、當有三個或三個以上并列的單詞或短語時,這些單詞或短語要用逗号隔開,而且最後一個單詞或短語一般都會用and或or連接,如:

My estate goes to my husband, son, daughter-in-law, and nephew.

需要注意的是,這組并列的單詞或短語的最後兩個單詞或短語,一般要用逗号隔開,這個逗号被稱作牛津逗号(Oxford comma)。大部分報紙或雜志會省略這個逗号,但有的時候會因此引起歧義,如:

We had coffee, cheese and crackers and grapes.

句中的cheese and crackers其實指的是一道菜,所以最好在crackers後面加上逗号,即:

We had coffee, cheese and crackers,and grapes.

2、當兩個前置形容詞并列且可以調換順序時,要用逗号隔開,如:

He is a strong, healthy man. vs. He is a healthy, strong man.

如果兩個形容詞的位置是不可調換的,則不能用逗号,如:

We stayed at an expensive summer resort.

我們不能說:We stayed at a summer expensive resort.

所以,也不能用逗号隔開兩個形容詞。

(二)句子之間

1、逗号粘連錯誤(Comma Splice),指的是有的作者會用逗号隔開兩個獨立的句子,如:

He walked all the way home, he shut the door.

這在英語裡是不允許的,應該通過改變标點符号或是增加連接詞改為:

  • He walked all the way home. He shut the door.

  • After he walked all the way home, he shut the door.

  • He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

2、兩個獨立的句子如果用and, but, 或者or等詞連接起來時,一般要在前一句話的末尾插入逗号,如:

He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

注意:如果兩個獨立的句子都很短的時候,很多作者都不加逗号,如:

I paint and he writes.

3、如果前後兩個句子的主語是一樣的,則無需在前一個句子末尾插入逗号,如:

He thought quickly but still did not answer correctly.

注意:這種情況也有例外,需要加上逗号,以避免産生歧義,如:

【有歧義】I saw that she was busy and prepared to leave.

【無歧義】I saw that she was busy, and prepared to leave.

(三)句首開頭

1、如果是以從句開頭,則要在從句末尾用逗号隔開,如:

If you are not sure about this, let me know now.

2、如果開頭的是介紹性短語,一般也要用逗号隔開,如:

Having finally arrived in town, we went shopping.

注意:如果這個介紹性短語隻有三四個單詞而且意思很明确,則無需用逗号隔開,如:

When in town we go shopping.

但是,如果會因此引起歧義,則需加上逗号,如:

Last Sunday, evening classes were canceled.

如果不加逗号,讀者可能就會以為句子的主語是:last Sunday evening classes,而不是evening classes了。

3、如果介紹性短語是以介詞開頭引導的,則無論這個短語包含多少個單詞,都無需用逗号隔開,如:

Into the sparkling crystal ball he gazed.

注意:如果開頭的引導詞有兩個介詞,則要看情況來決定是否要用逗号:

(1)介詞後面如果緊跟動詞謂語,則不用逗号,如:

Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue is the mayor's mansion.

(2)介詞後面如果跟的是句子的主語,則要用逗号,如:

Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue, the mayor's mansion stands proudly.

4、如果句子開頭時主句,後面緊跟從句,則主句末尾無需使用逗号,如:

Let me know now if you are not sure about this.

(四)次要成分

1、同位語,如:

My best friend, Joe, arrived.

The three items, a book, a pen, and paper, were on the table.

2、非限定性定語從句,如:

Jill, who is my sister, shut the door.

3、分詞短語,如:

The man, knowing it was late, hurried home.

(五)其他用法

1、用在well, yes, why, hello, hey等呼語後面,如:

Why, I can't believe this!

No, you can't have a dollar.

2、用于隔開nevertheless, after all, by the way, on the other hand, however等插入語,如:

I am, by the way, very nervous about this.

3、用于隔開人名、外号、昵稱或者頭銜,如:

Will you, Aisha, do that assignment for me?

Yes, old friend, I will.

Good day, Captain.

4、用于隔開年月日,如:

It was in the Sun's June 5, 2003, edition.

注意:如果隻有年和月,則無需用逗号,如:

It was in a June 2003 article.

5、用于隔開不同級别的行政區域,如:

I'm from the Akron, Ohio, area.

6、如果人名後跟有頭銜或學曆,則一般要在姓氏後面加上逗号,如:

Al Mooney, Sr., is here.

Al Mooney, M.D., is here.

7、在直接引語的說話者或提問者的動詞後面要加上逗号,如:

He said, "I don't care."

"Why," I asked, "don't you care?"

注意:

1)如果直接引語隻有一個單詞,則不用逗号,如:

He said "Stop."

2)如果直接引語在說話者之前,且是陳述句,直接引語的句末要用逗号,如:

"I don't care," he said.

"Stop," he said.

3)如果隻是轉引某人的話,則不用逗号,如:

Is "I don't care" all you can say to me?

Saying "Stop the car" was a mistake.

8、用于隔開反意疑問句,如:

I can go, can't I?

9、用于隔開前後兩個形成鮮明對照的成分,如:

That is my money, not yours.

10、用于隔開namely, that is, i.e., e.g., and for instance等表示舉例說明的引導性短語,如:

You may be required to bring many items, e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.

11、用于隔開etc.,而且前後都要用逗号隔開,如:

Sleeping bags, pans, warm clothing, etc., are in the tent.

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