初中英語被動語态小結
| 初中英語被動語态小結一、語态概述 英語的語态是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。中有兩種語态:主動語态和被動語态。 主動語态表示主語是動作的執行者。 例如:Many people speak Chinese. 謂語:speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。 被動語态表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動作的對象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。 二、被動語态的構成 被動語态由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。人稱、數和時态的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以speak為例說明被動語态在各種時态中的構成。 時态被動語态結構一般現在時am/is/are done一般過去時was/were done現在進行時am/is/are being done過去進行時was/were being done一般将來時shall/will/be going to be done過去将來時Would be done現在完成時have/has been done過去完成時had been done 三、被動語态的用法 (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。 例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。 (2)強調動作的承受者,而不強調動作的執行者。 例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業必須及時完成。 四、主動語态變被動語态的方法 (1)把主動語态的賓語變為被動語态的主語。 (2)把謂語變成被動結構(be+過去分詞) (根據被動語态句子裡的主語的人稱和數,以及原來主動語态句子中動詞的時态來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動語态中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語,将主格改為賓格。例如: All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. 五、含有情态動詞的被動語态 含有情态動詞的主動句變成被動句時,由"情态動詞+be+過去分詞"構成,原來帶to的情态動詞變成被動語态後"to"仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 六、特殊情況 1.賓語的複合結構：這種情形如果要把主動語态變為被動語态，需把複合結構的邏輯主語變為被動語态的主語，此時，原來的賓補變成了主語補足語。（如果原句是由省“to”的不定式作賓補，變成被語态時應把省掉的“to”加上）He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.Mother never lets me watch TV .I am never let to watch TV by mother.2.雙賓語形式：此時要變被動語态，一般是把人（間接賓語）變為主語；如果非得把直接賓語變為被動語态的主語，則應加上介詞“for”或“to”。Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. (1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. (2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.3.有些動詞習慣上用被動語态。born（出生）、 situate（坐落于）、 build（建造）、break（打破）、publish（出版）等。He was born in this city.他出生在這個城市。The school is situated in the suburbs.這所學校位于郊外。4、短語動詞的完整性：We should take good care of the old and the children. 我們應該照顧好老人和小孩。The old and the children should be taken good care of.5、.“get+過去分詞”結構也可以表被動get burnt（着火）、get killed（被殺）、get hurt（受傷）、get lost（迷路）get dressed（穿衣服）、get changed（變化）、get married（結婚）、get washed（洗）等。The boy got hurt on his way to school.這個男孩在上學的路上受傷了。七、需用主動語态表被的幾種形式：1、某些連系動詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動表被動，因為連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語态形式。如：That dog looks dangerous..2、 當open, shut, lock, move等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：The door won’t shut. 這門關不上。The window won’t lock. 這窗戶鎖不住。注：該用法的不及物動詞通常與can’t, won’t 等連用，注意它與用被動語态含義不同：The window won’t shut. 這窗戶關不上。(說明主語的屬性——窗戶有問題了)3. 當read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常要用主動形式表示被動意義。如：The cloth washes well. 這種布料好洗。His book doesn’t sell well. 他的書不好銷。注：該用法通常與well, easily, slowly, quicklywell, easily, slowly, quickly等副詞連用4表示狀态特征的連系動詞+adj./n.,用主動式表被動義。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...)The steel feels cold．5 表示“開始、結束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)The shop opens at 6 am. every day．6. 作“需要”講的want/need/require後接動名詞作賓語時，用主動式表被動義；當然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed八、注意哪些動詞不用于被動語态1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語态。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語，所以若将其用于被動語态則沒有主語，故不能用于被動語态。但是值得注意的是，有些英語中的不及物動詞，譯成漢語時卻可能是“及物”的，很容易出錯，這類動詞如：take place(發生)，happen(發生)，)come about(發生)，break out(爆發)，appear(出現)，disappear(消失)，last(持續)，arise(出現，發生)等：Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。Use this money when the need arises. 有需要時就使用這筆錢。2. 英語中的靜态動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被動語态：My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。< experience. lacks>九、被動語态和系表結構的區别：當“be+過去分詞”表示動作時為被動語态，be是助動詞，be後面的過去分詞是主要動詞，動作的對象是主語；當“be +過去分詞”表示主語所處的狀态時為系表結構，be是連系動詞。be後面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞；說明主語的性質、特征等。其區分辦法如下：1．如果強調動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執行者，該句一般為被動語态，否則為系表結構。例如:The glass is broken．玻璃杯碎了。（系表結構）The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動語态）2．如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語态。如：The magazine is published in Shanghai．這家雜志出版于上海。（被動語态）The shop is opened．這家商店開門了。（系表結構）The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday．這家商店每天上午八點開門。（被動語态）3．被動語态除用于一般時态和完成時态外，還可以用于其他各種時态，而系表結構中的系動詞be隻有一般時态和完成時态。 The machine is being repaired．機器正在修。A new school will be built here．這裡将要建一所新學校。4、從過去分詞的修飾語來看，系表結構中的過去分詞可被very , too , so 來修飾；被動語态中的過去分詞多用much , so much , very much 等來修飾。例如：He was very agitated . 他很激動。（系表結構）5、從謂語動詞的特征上來講，“be + 不及物動詞的過去分詞”通常是系表結構，如：be gone , be learned , be ashamed , 這些動詞通常是表示狀态、智力活動或心态的動詞；“be +延續性動詞的過去分詞”通常是被動語态，如：be loved , be encouraged , be praised 等。The way was lost between the trees . （系表結構）We students are encouraged to take the Public English Test . （被動結構）初中英語被動語态專項練習Exercise:1.Newspapers are made __ paper. Paper is made __ wood.A.from/of B. of/from C. of/in D. in/from2.A lot of new roads ___ built in the west of China.must B. must be C. has D. have3.This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.A.take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away4.My shoes ____ . I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out5.His car ___ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired6.When your homework ____ , we will go to play football.A.is done B. are done C. had done D. will be done7.He asked me _______.A.what the paper is used B. what the paper was used forC. what was the paper made of D. what’s the paper used as8.Three fourths of the information on the internet ___ in English.A.am B. is C. are D. be9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world ___ in it.A.are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing10.This pair of scissors ___ in China.A.Make B. made C. is made D. are made11.Three quarters of the messages _____ by telegraph.Was sent B. were sent C. Sent D. send12. In the past 10 years, China ____ up many man-made satellites.A.has been sent B. has sent C. was sent D. sent13.They ___ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.asked B. asking C. to ask D. were asked14.We are always kept ____.to smoking B. on smoking C. from smoking D. off smoking15.Nothing can stop us ___ English.A.learn B. learning C. learned D. learns16.Mary ___ some songs in her room in the morning.A.heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. is heard to sing17. Mary ___ an English song in her room last night.A.was heard to sing B. is heard to sing C.was heard singing D. is heard singing18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs ____ about 95 million years ago.lay B. were lay C. laid D. were laid19. We found the ground ____ snow.A.cover with B. is covered with C.was covered with D. was covering with20. The shop assistant showed a hat _____ red silk to us.A.made from B. made of C. was made of D. was made from21. We can find many pictures ____ by Xu Beihong in the museum.A.drawing B. drawn C. drew D. to draw22.Have these words _____ by us yesterday?been learnt B. learnt C. learned D. were learnt23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _____ feathers?A.was covered by B. was covered with C. covered with D. covered by24.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.A.were produced B. will be produced C. will be made D. have been produced25.She ______ for 10 years.A.has been marry B. has married C. has been married D. have marry26.The sentence “Thank you” ___ in our everyday life.A.Often use B. often use C.is often used D. are often used27.Most business letters are ___ English.A.Wrote by B. writing with C. Written in D. written by28.The box is used __ sitting ___ a chair ___ Mike.A.for,as, by B. by,for,of C. as,for,by D. for,by,as29.Middle school students ___ not to smoke.A.always tell B. are told always C. tell always D. are always told30.The room had better ____ this afternoon.A.be cleaned B. to be cleaned C. clean D. to clean31. Everyone knows that paper ____ in China.A was made first B. at first was made C. was made at first D. was first made32. He said that his teeth needed ____.A.to be repaired B. repair C. repaired D. to repair33.The idea seems good but it needs_____.A.Trying on B. To try at C. To be tried out D. Being tried34. Tell me what _____ next.A.to be finished B. Be finished C. To finish D. Finish35. The dirty clothes ___ by his mother now.are washed B. are washing C. were washed D. are being washed36.Tom ! You _____on the phone just now, but you _____in.A.wanted , were B. are wanted , are C. were wanted , weren’t D. called , aren’t參考答案：1-5 BBDDA 6-10 ABBAC 11-15 BBDCB16-20 DCDCB21-25 BACBC26-30 CCADA 31-36 DACADC |
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